It is closely related to air potato dioscorea bulbifera. Species in this genus are dioecious, twining, and herbaceous to woody vines with single or clustered large tubers, some of which are edible and are known as yams acevedorodriguez, 2005. This, in turn, eases the symptoms of those particular conditions. Dioscorea papuana warb dioscorea sativa l dioscorea spinose roxb.
Coal mining, once the citys largest industry, has declined steadily since world war ii. Jun 14, 2018 dioscorea villosa may have effects similar to dehydroepiandrosterone dhea. Burkill family dioscoreaceae type of dioscorea spinosa roxb. Pdf randomly selected tubers of lesser yam dioscorea esculenta were converted to flour and used in bread making experimentations after blending it. This study characterized the most cultivated and consumed yam dioscorea cultivars within the ghanaian yam germplasm based on their chemical composition and antinutritional factors. Dioscorea alata reveals a role in tuber development. It is grown for their edible tubers, though it has smaller tubers than the more widelycultivated dioscorea alata and is usually spiny. List of various diseases cured by dioscorea esculenta. Dioscorea alata plant finder missouri botanical garden. Dioscorea japonica, known as east asian mountain yam, yamaimo, or japanese mountain yam, is a type of yam native to japan including ryukyu and bonin islands, korea, china, taiwan, and assam.
Different ethnic groups have been using several species of dioscorea in their area of certain ailments. It is named after the ancient greek physician and botanist dioscorides. Names of dioscorea esculenta in various languages of the world are also given. Dioscorea esculenta, commonly known as the lesser yam, is a yam species native to island.
A reference highdensity genetic map of greater yam dioscorea. It is also synonymous with dioscorea oppositifolia. The plant is called kywae and its very acrid root is eaten by the karens in times of scarcity. Wanasundera jpd, ravindran g 1992 effects of cooking on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of yam tubers dioscorea alata and dioscorea esculenta. Dioscorea alata is one of the most important staple crops in austronesian cultures.
In its dried or powdered form, however, it is used frequently in traditional chinese medicine. Lloyd investigated the dioscorea subject, and found that the variety of the vine yielding the drug originally em. Yam dioscorea alata is a crop with potential for increased commercial. Jul 30, 2019 wild yam is used by some women to help with signs of menopause.
Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties. Dioscorea esculenta, commonly known as the lesser yam, is a yam species native to island southeast asia and introduced to near oceania and east africa by early austronesian voyagers. Dioscorea esculenta lesser yam dioscorea flabellifolia fanleaf yam dioscorea floribunda yam dioscorea floridana florida yam dioscorea hispida. The plant list includes a further 316 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus dioscorea. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Winged yam is known to have disprupted naturalarea plant communities, particularly coastal hammocks in south florida. Mas malapit ya dagul king patatas o kamuti suglung pawal. Dioscorea batatas is the taxonomic name generally used in the united states29. Winged yam dioscorea alata is another nonnative, invasive vine in florida. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Co 1 dioscorea alata soil and climate it requires warm and humid conditions with a mean temperature of 300c and a well distributed annual rainfall of 12002000 mm. Others believe it will help treat painful periods or weak bones. Dioscorea alata article about dioscorea alata by the. Antifertility acitivity of ethanol extract of dioscorea.
Though this effect is weak, it appears to be both time and dosedependent. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Unfortunately, dioscorea villosa extracts are associated with kidney and liver fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive scar tissue. Several species are widely cultivated in many cultivars including dioscorea alata d. The level of decrease was statistically significant p ofdioscorea esculenta 100, 300 and 600 mg kg body weight caused an increase in the serum level of estrogen in male rats. Cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. Yams description yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae that form edible tubers. Evidence for the austronesian voyages in the indian ocean pdf. Dioscorea alata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive. Dioscorea aculeata l dioscorea fasciculata roxb dioscorea papillaris blanco.
A harmonious blend of indigenous knowledge is therefore essential to document and. These usages are based upon the belief that the chinese yam also helps to regulate the qi and the yin. Tugi, dioscoria esculenta, lesser yam, asiatic yam. Co 1, sree roopa, sree keerthi, sree shilpasiruvalli culenta. Ating mediang maki kaugnayan keng dioscorea esculenta king wikimedia commons. Pdf crop development and root distribution in lesser yam. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Description dioscorea batatas is a twining herbaceous. Dioscorea is a genus of great economic value, including important food plants. Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties of waxy yam starches discovered from mapuey dioscorea trifida genotypes in the venezuelan amazon elevina pe.
Pasar siti khadijah, buloh kubu, kota bharu, kelantan, malaysia. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in dioscorea esculenta. General information about dioscorea esculenta diues indian subcontinent, southeast asia, new guinea. Symptoms are most commonly seen on dioscorea esculenta, but the damage is seldom serious enough for growers to seek control measures. Cassava manihot esculenta crantz and yam dioscorea spp. Some people use it to increase energy, or for diverticulitis, gallbladder pain, or rheumatoid arthritis. It is a highly invasive plant included in the global compendium of weeds randall, 2012, and which creates management problems in many parts.
It is an annual herb, which is cultivated widely in india. The high mucilage content of dioscorea esculenta makes it an excellent demulcent that can be used for many applications. Dioscorea villosa supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Dioscorea villosa supplement health benefits, dosage. The plants database includes the following 30 species of dioscorea. How dioscorea esculenta is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Covered with large leaves, it can quickly grow into the tops of tall trees. Pdf farmstead bread making potential of lesser yam dioscorea.
Species in this genus are dioecious, twining, and herbaceous to woody vines with single or clustered large tubers, some of which are edible and are known as. Dioscorea esculenta in kew science plants of the world online. Dioscorea batatas is a perennial growing to 3 m 9ft by 1. Practitioners use it to treat certain digestive problems.
There is no single area, however, where d, alata is the chief starchy food. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in africa, asia, latin america, the caribbean and oceania. Dioscorea esculenta is species of yam belong to family of dioscoreaceae known as siruvallikilangu in tamil vernacular. Dioscorea alata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Apr 18, 2020 dioscorea opposita may balance the yin and tone the qi within the kidneys. The plants database includes the following 2 subspecies of dioscorea esculenta. Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties of.
However, yam is susceptible to a range of serious and debilitating diseases including viruses. The tubers are usually a vivid violetpurple to bright lavender in color hence the common name, but some range in color from cream to plain white. Dioscorea villosa is one of the species of yam referred to as wild yam dioscorea villosa has been claimed to alleviate symptoms of menopause, but there is currently no evidence to support this effect animal evidence suggests dioscorea villosa can increase skin thickness after lowdose supplementation. In florida, herbarium records now reported for naturalized populations in 7 counties. A growth analysis study involving monthly excavation of dioscorea esculenta plants revealed that the root system developed fully in the period before tuber initiation, and extended radially for a. Mar, 2020 dioscorea esculenta in kew science plants of the world online. A strong tea made from dioscorea opposita can calm a chronic cough. The leaves are usually glabrous, but in some varieties they are cov ered with a bluish bloom. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. This crop has a high cultural value for some of the groups growing it. Dioscorea batatas is called chinese yam, cinnamon yam, wild yam, or common yam. They are a guarantee of food security for developing countries. The genus dioscorea includes about 350800 species distributed largely in the tropics, but also in warm and temperate regions.
The vernacular name, torak itik is sometime used for the variety as in the image, tubers shape polymorphic. Cultivated as a minor tuber crop, mainly in tropical asia. Dioscorea rotundata african orphan crops consortium. Dioscorea esculenta famine foods plants that are not normally considered as crops are consumed in times of famine purdue university, west lafayette, indiana.
Sree latha, sree kala co 1 dioscorea alatasoil and climate it requires warm and humid conditions with a mean temperature of 300c and a well distributed annual rainfall of 12002000 mm. Dioscorea alata, also known as purple yam, ube, or greater yam, among many other names, is a species of yam a tuber. Dioscorea alata is a plant of the hot humid tropics. Chinese yam dioscorea esculenta important information. Line drawing of the leaves, flowers, seeds and root. Dweck fls frsh frsc personal care magazine 3, 3, p. Growth and distribution of roots of dioscorea alata.
Chemical composition diosgenin an aglycone is a chemical substance found in dioscorea and are used commercially in pharmaceutical industry. Dioscorea esculenta famine foods purdue university. Otherwise known as the chinese yam, dioscorea opposita is an edible root vegetable used in a variety of asian dishes. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. The plant list includes 1,192 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus dioscorea. In this highdensity map combining information of two f1 outcrossed populations. This effect suggests dioscorea villosa is a potentially useful supplement for skin.
Harmayani e, winarti s, nurismanto r 2011 preparation of inulin powder from dioscorea esculenta tuber with foam mat drying method. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in africa, asia. Primarily, dioscorea opposita is believed to increase and stabilize the qi and yin of the stomach, lungs, spleen, and kidney. Escambia, gadsden, leon, levy, charlotte, lee, and dade wunderlin et al. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Tugi, dioscoria esculenta, lesser yam, asiatic yam philippine herbal mediciine an illustrated compilation of medicinal plants in the philippines by dr godofredo stuart, with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and research studies. The brazilian farinha, and the related garri of west africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The root is edible and was introduced into france as a garden plant but is now forgotten, although it is perhaps valuable.
It is sometimes confused with taro and the okinawa sweet potato ipomoea batatas cv. It is one of various species of yams that were domesticated and cultivated independently within island southeast asia and new guinea for their starchy tubers, including the round yam dioscorea bulbifera, ubi gadong dioscorea hispida, lesser yam dioscorea esculenta, pacific yam dioscorea nummularia. Dioscorea esculenta herb uses, benefits, cures, side. Most of the species of dioscorea have a wide adaptability to diverse agro climatic condition. Characterization of chemical composition and antinutritional factors in seven species within the ghanaian yam dioscorea germplasm abstract. Dioscorea dumentorum bitter yam, dioscorea esculenta. Characterization of the dioscorin gene family in dioscorea alata. It produces a large root crop of edible subterranean tubers yams which are an important starchy food source in many tropical to subtropical areas around the globe. Dioscorea esculenta herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. Dioscorea esculenta extract for 14 days caused a dose related decrease in the serum level of lh table 4. Dioscorea esculenta diuesoverview eppo global database. Ing tugi dioscorea esculenta a ausan dang lesser yam king ingles, metung yang species ning ubi, oneng mas malati ya laman yamut kesa kareng aliwang ubi. It has a modern harbor and an important chemical industry.
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